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Flossie Bailey (1895–1952) was an anti-lynching activist from Indiana. In Marion, Bailey started a chapter of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People and became very active fighting for civil rights after the double lynching of Thomas Shipp and Abram Smith in 1930. She was pivotal in the passage of the 1931 Indiana anti-lynching law and advocated for a similar bill at the national level. ==Biography== Katherine (Flossie) Harvey was born in Kokomo, Indiana in 1895 to Charles Harvey. She grew up in Kokomo and attended Kokomo High School.〔 〕 She married Dr. Walter T. Bailey (died 10 February 1950)〔 〕 in 1917 and moved to Marion in 1918. They resided in Marion, Indiana and had three sons. While living in Marion, Bailey also became actively involved in the Marion community. She was a member of the Bethel African Methodist Episcopal Church congregation and started the Marion branch of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). Her first efforts in 1918 did not receive much support, but by June 1930 there were 96 members. In August 1930, a mob in Marion lynched (hanged) Thomas Shipp and Abram Smith, two African American men. There was a sharp increase in membership and by the end of 1930 the Marion Chapter of the NAACP had 155 members. The NAACP played an important role in attempting to bring justice for the murders of Shipp and Smith, as well as to restore calm in Marion. Bailey and a number of others worked hard for a fair investigation into the double lynching, but this was difficult as most of the white citizens in the Marion community wanted to forget about the event. In 1930, Bailey was also elected President of the Indiana NAACP. She was actively involved in organizing a Hoosier delegation of NAACP members to speak to Indiana Governor Harry Leslie and persuade him to intervene in the investigation of the men's murders. Although a number of men went on trial for the lynching of Shipp and Smith, no one was found guilty of the crime. Despite the injustice in the courts, Bailey was recognized for her efforts. She was awarded the nationally competitive Madam C. J. Walker Medal for "the person who has done the best work in the NAACP during the year."〔 Bailey worked to ensure nothing like what happened in Marion would occur again. She lobbied the Indiana General Assembly to pass stricter anti-lynching laws. When opponents to the bill rejected many of the safety measures, Bailey organized a statewide effort. She called on chapters of the NAACP, Optimist Clubs, Exchange Clubs, and Democratic organizations to lobby their legislators.〔 Bailey's efforts were successful and the governor signed a stricter anti-lynching law in March 1931. Once the Indiana bill became law, Bailey began to lobby for a national anti-lynching law, as well as for the fair treatment of African Americans in other sectors of American life. Bailey especially focused on fighting to end the segregation of schools, hospitals, and other public spaces like movie theaters.〔 In 1943, Bailey moved to Indianapolis, where she died on 6 February 1952.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Flossie Bailey」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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